See vous on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "bezvousý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "bělovousý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "plnovousý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "vousatý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "bezvous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "bělovous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "černovous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "modrovous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "plnovous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rudovous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "šedovous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "vousáč"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "vousek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*ǫsъ",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wendʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *wondʰsom\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wándsa\nProto-Slavic *ǫsъ\nCzech vous\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*wándsa\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ǫsъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Czech\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cs\" }\" data-lang=\"cs\" data-title=\"vous\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wendʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *wondʰsom\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wándsa\nProto-Slavic *ǫsъ\nCzech vous\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vousek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "vousík",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vousu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vousu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vouse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vousy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vousu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vousem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "vousek,vousík"
},
"expansion": "vous m inan (diminutive vousek or vousík)",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"vous"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "knír"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech terms with prothetic v-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one of threads of hair which form a beard"
],
"id": "en-vous-cs-noun-Q86VqjaV",
"links": [
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"beard",
"beard"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cs",
"name": "Beards",
"orig": "cs:Beards",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beard"
],
"id": "en-vous-cs-noun-lBGSq7CG",
"links": [
[
"beard",
"beard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vousy"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvou̯s]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9056 (ces)-Ghost4Man-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-vous.wav/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-vous.wav/LL-Q9056_%28ces%29-Ghost4Man-vous.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "vous"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bien à vous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "comment allez-vous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rendez-vous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous autres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-autres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous de politesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous deux"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-mêmes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "voussoyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vouvoyer"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "ou"
},
{
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"word": "vou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:vous"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"you\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*yúHs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"vos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"vous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vous",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French vous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vous"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French vous",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Old French vos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "vōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin vōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ang,roa-bbn,roa-brg,roa-cha,roa-lor,roa-orl,roa-poi",
"2": "vous"
},
"expansion": "Angevin, Bourbonnais-Berrichon, Bourguignon, Champenois, Lorrain, Orléanais, and Poitevin-Saintongeais vous",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "vôs"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois vôs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "vouz"
},
"expansion": "Gallo vouz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf,frp",
"2": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Norman and Franco-Provençal vos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "os"
},
"expansion": "Picard os",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "vosautres"
},
"expansion": "Occitan vosautres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "vousautes"
},
"expansion": "Provençal vousautes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "vosaltres"
},
"expansion": "Catalan vosaltres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "voi"
},
"expansion": "Corsican voi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French vous, from Old French vos, vous, from Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.\nSee cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin, Bourbonnais-Berrichon, Bourguignon, Champenois, Lorrain, Orléanais, and Poitevin-Saintongeais vous; Franc-Comtois vôs; Gallo vouz; Norman and Franco-Provençal vos; Picard os; Occitan vosautres (Provençal vousautes); Catalan vosaltres; Corsican voi.\nOther cognates with the same usage are voi in Italian as well as вы (vy) in Russian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tu",
"tags": [
"informal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vous",
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
},
{
"form": "votre",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"10": "vous",
"11": "possessive determiner",
"12": "votre",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "second-person plural and second-person formal singular",
"4": "",
"5": "informal singular",
"6": "tu",
"7": "object",
"8": "vous",
"9": "emphatic",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "vous (second-person plural and second-person formal singular, informal singular tu, object vous, emphatic vous, possessive determiner votre)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "je"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "j’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "me"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "m’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "—"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "moi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "moi-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "te"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "t’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toi-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "il2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "le"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "l’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lui"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "y"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "en"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lui-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "elle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "la"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "elle-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "on3"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "l’on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ce4"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "c’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ça"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "se"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "s’5"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "soi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "soi-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nous-mêmes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-mêmes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-même6"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ils7"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "les"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "leur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "eux7"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "eux-mêmes7"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "elles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "elles-mêmes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 13 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "You and him, you are my best friends.",
"text": "Toi et lui, vous êtes mes meilleurs amis.",
"translation": "You and him, you are my best friends.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"you (all)"
],
"id": "en-vous-fr-pron-E4s5VHp~",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
],
[
"you (all)",
"you all"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"(subject pronoun) you (all)"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 13 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
16
]
],
"english": "I love you (all).",
"text": "Je vous adore.",
"translation": "I love you (all).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"you (all)"
],
"id": "en-vous-fr-pron-E4s5VHp~1",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"(direct object pronoun) you (all)"
],
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"formal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 3 10 10 43 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 10 10 47 9 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 7 7 64 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 10 10 45 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 62 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 52 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 13 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 36 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
15
],
[
53,
59
],
[
56,
59
]
],
"english": "I will give you my address. / I will give my address to you.",
"text": "Je vous donnerai mon adresse.",
"translation": "I will give you my address. / I will give my address to you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you, to you (indirect object pronoun)"
],
"id": "en-vous-fr-pron-AJ~T-5nQ",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
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{
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
22
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],
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"type": "example"
}
],
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],
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"plural",
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},
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},
{
"homophone": "voue"
},
{
"homophone": "vouent"
},
{
"homophone": "voues"
},
{
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}
],
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],
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],
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"1": "frm",
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},
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}
],
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
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],
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],
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"word": "vous"
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{
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"Czech entries with etymon",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech inanimate nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech masculine nouns",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wendʰ-",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech terms with prothetic v-",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"cs:Beards"
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{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "bezvousý"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "bělovousý"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "plnovousý"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "vousatý"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "bělovous"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "černovous"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "modrovous"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "plnovous"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rudovous"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "šedovous"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "vousáč"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "vousek"
}
],
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"name": "ety"
}
],
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"diminutive"
]
},
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"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
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]
},
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},
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousů",
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]
},
{
"form": "vousu",
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "vous",
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "vouse",
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]
},
{
"form": "vousy",
"source": "declension",
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"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vousu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousech",
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"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vousem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vousy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "fous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"dim": "vousek,vousík"
},
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}
],
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"parts": [
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]
}
],
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},
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],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "knír"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"beard",
"beard"
]
],
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"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"beard"
],
"links": [
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"beard",
"beard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vousy"
}
],
"tags": [
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"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "[ˈvou̯s]"
},
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],
"word": "vous"
}
{
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"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French personal pronouns",
"French pronouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *yúHs",
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"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:French/u",
"Rhymes:French/u/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bien à vous"
},
{
"word": "comment allez-vous"
},
{
"word": "rendez-vous"
},
{
"word": "vous autres"
},
{
"word": "vous-autres"
},
{
"word": "vous de politesse"
},
{
"word": "vous deux"
},
{
"word": "vous-même"
},
{
"word": "vous-mêmes"
},
{
"word": "voussoyer"
},
{
"word": "vouvoyer"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "ou"
},
{
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"word": "vou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:vous"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"you\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*yúHs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"vos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"vous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vous",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French vous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vous"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French vous",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Old French vos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "vōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin vōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ang,roa-bbn,roa-brg,roa-cha,roa-lor,roa-orl,roa-poi",
"2": "vous"
},
"expansion": "Angevin, Bourbonnais-Berrichon, Bourguignon, Champenois, Lorrain, Orléanais, and Poitevin-Saintongeais vous",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "vôs"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois vôs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "vouz"
},
"expansion": "Gallo vouz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf,frp",
"2": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Norman and Franco-Provençal vos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "os"
},
"expansion": "Picard os",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "vosautres"
},
"expansion": "Occitan vosautres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "vousautes"
},
"expansion": "Provençal vousautes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "vosaltres"
},
"expansion": "Catalan vosaltres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "voi"
},
"expansion": "Corsican voi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French vous, from Old French vos, vous, from Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.\nSee cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin, Bourbonnais-Berrichon, Bourguignon, Champenois, Lorrain, Orléanais, and Poitevin-Saintongeais vous; Franc-Comtois vôs; Gallo vouz; Norman and Franco-Provençal vos; Picard os; Occitan vosautres (Provençal vousautes); Catalan vosaltres; Corsican voi.\nOther cognates with the same usage are voi in Italian as well as вы (vy) in Russian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tu",
"tags": [
"informal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vous",
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
},
{
"form": "votre",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"10": "vous",
"11": "possessive determiner",
"12": "votre",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "second-person plural and second-person formal singular",
"4": "",
"5": "informal singular",
"6": "tu",
"7": "object",
"8": "vous",
"9": "emphatic",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "vous (second-person plural and second-person formal singular, informal singular tu, object vous, emphatic vous, possessive determiner votre)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "je"
},
{
"word": "j’"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "m’"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "moi"
},
{
"word": "moi-même"
},
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "te"
},
{
"word": "t’"
},
{
"word": "toi"
},
{
"word": "toi-même"
},
{
"word": "il2"
},
{
"word": "le"
},
{
"word": "l’"
},
{
"word": "lui"
},
{
"word": "y"
},
{
"word": "en"
},
{
"word": "lui-même"
},
{
"word": "elle"
},
{
"word": "la"
},
{
"word": "elle-même"
},
{
"word": "on3"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "l’on"
},
{
"word": "ce4"
},
{
"word": "c’"
},
{
"word": "ça"
},
{
"word": "se"
},
{
"word": "s’5"
},
{
"word": "soi"
},
{
"word": "soi-même"
},
{
"word": "nous"
},
{
"word": "nous-mêmes"
},
{
"word": "vous-mêmes"
},
{
"word": "vous-même6"
},
{
"word": "ils7"
},
{
"word": "les"
},
{
"word": "leur"
},
{
"word": "eux7"
},
{
"word": "eux-mêmes7"
},
{
"word": "elles"
},
{
"word": "elles-mêmes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "You and him, you are my best friends.",
"text": "Toi et lui, vous êtes mes meilleurs amis.",
"translation": "You and him, you are my best friends.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"you (all)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
],
[
"you (all)",
"you all"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"(subject pronoun) you (all)"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
16
]
],
"english": "I love you (all).",
"text": "Je vous adore.",
"translation": "I love you (all).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"you (all)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"(direct object pronoun) you (all)"
],
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"formal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
15
],
[
53,
59
],
[
56,
59
]
],
"english": "I will give you my address. / I will give my address to you.",
"text": "Je vous donnerai mon adresse.",
"translation": "I will give you my address. / I will give my address to you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you, to you (indirect object pronoun)"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French formal terms",
"French polite terms",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
22
]
],
"english": "Sir, I cannot tell you.",
"text": "Monsieur, je ne peux pas vous le dire",
"translation": "Sir, I cannot tell you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural or singular personal pronoun in the second person"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal, polite) plural or singular personal pronoun in the second person"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"polite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vu.z‿/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-vous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Fr-vous.ogg/Fr-vous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Fr-vous.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Toulouse"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Opsylac-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Grenoble",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-T. Le Berre-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Hérault",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Touam-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Saint-Étienne",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-X-Javier-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Massy",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"homophone": "voue"
},
{
"homophone": "vouent"
},
{
"homophone": "voues"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"word": "vous"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vous",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vous",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fous"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of fous"
],
"links": [
[
"fous",
"fous#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "vous"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with etymon",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French pronouns",
"Middle French reflexive pronouns",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *yúHs",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for pronunciation in Middle French entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "ou"
},
{
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"word": "vou"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "vous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "fro:vos"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"you\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*yúHs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"vos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" }\" data-lang=\"frm\" data-title=\"vous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Old French vos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "vōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin vōs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French vos, vous, from Latin vōs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "reflexive pronouns"
},
"expansion": "vous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"you (plural or polite)"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"yourself (second-person plural or polite reflexive pronoun)"
],
"links": [
[
"yourself",
"yourself"
]
]
}
],
"word": "vous"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin vōs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vōs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "vous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "vos"
}
],
"categories": [
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"Old French lemmas",
"Old French personal pronouns",
"Old French pronouns",
"Old French subject pronouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of vos"
],
"links": [
[
"vos",
"vos#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vus/"
}
],
"word": "vous"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vous meaning in All languages combined (21.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: object vous",
"path": [
"vous"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "vous",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.